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1 Maxwell electromagnetic theory
Телекоммуникации: электромагнитная теория МаксвеллаУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Maxwell electromagnetic theory
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2 Maxwell electromagnetic theory
English-Russian dictionary of telecommunications and their abbreviations > Maxwell electromagnetic theory
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3 Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light
< phys> ■ elektromagnetische Lichttheorie von Maxwell fEnglish-german technical dictionary > Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light
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4 electromagnetic theory of light
< phys> ■ elektromagnetische Lichttheorie von Maxwell fEnglish-german technical dictionary > electromagnetic theory of light
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5 Maxwell's electromagnetic theory
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > Maxwell's electromagnetic theory
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6 Maxwell's electromagnetic theory
электромагнитная теория МаксвеллаАнгло-русский словарь технических терминов > Maxwell's electromagnetic theory
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7 Maxwell's electromagnetic theory
Техника: электромагнитная теория МаксвеллаУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Maxwell's electromagnetic theory
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8 theory
- division theory
- electromagnetic theory
- electron theory
- encoding theory
- frequency theory
- information theory
- Maxwell electromagnetic theory
- prediction theory
- sampling theory
- telephone theory
- teletraffic theory
- theory of waiting lines
- theory of waiting systems
- transmission-line theoryEnglish-Russian dictionary of telecommunications and their abbreviations > theory
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9 theory
1) теория•-
Abbe's theory
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Abbe theory
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absolute reaction rate theory
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acid-basic catalysis theory
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adhesive theory of friction
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affinity theory
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age theory
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Airy-Stokes theory
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approximation theory
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Arrhenius theory
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association theory
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automata theory
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automatic control theory
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behavior theory of canals
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boundary-layer interaction theory
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boundary-layer theory
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Bronsted theory
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bunching theory
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catastrophe theory
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chemical graph theory
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chemical kinetics theory
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circuit theory
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coding theory
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combinatorial theory
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communications theory
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communication theory
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constant angle theory of arch dam design
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contact clastohydrodynamic theory
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control theory
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control-system theory
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coordination theory
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Coulomb's wedge theory
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cylinder theory of arch dam design
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delamination theory of wear
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diffraction theory
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diffusion theory
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dispersion theory
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dissociation theory
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donor-acceptor interaction theory
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double shear theory
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drag theory
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effective arch theory
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elastic theory
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elastic wave theory
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elasticity theory
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electromagnetic field theory
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electromagnetic theory
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energetical wear theory
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erosion theory
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estimation theory
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evaporation theory
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fatigue theory of wear
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fatigue theory
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field theory
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filter theory
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flash temperature theory
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Flory theory
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free space theory
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free volume theory
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free-electron theory of metals
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fuzzy-set theory
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game theory
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general theory
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generalized electric machine theory
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graph theory
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gravitational theory
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gravitation theory
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group theory
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handling theory
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hydroxo-complex theory
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imperfection theory
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information theory
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ionic theory
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kinetic theory of gases
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kinetic theory of liquids
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local theory
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logic theory
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long-range stress theory
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magnetic field theory
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magnetotelluric theory
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mapping theory
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mathematical economic theory
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maximum shear theory
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maximum strain energy theory
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Maxwell's electromagnetic theory
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mechanical interlocking friction theory
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membrane theory
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mixing length theory
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model theory
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molecular attraction friction theory
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molecular theory
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molecular-kinetic theory
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molecular-mechanical theory of friction
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mosaic-block theory
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multienergy-group diffusion theory
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multigroup theory
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multiple catalysis theory
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multiple seismometer theory
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network flow theory
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network theory
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nuclear drop theory
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nuclear theory
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number theory
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nutrient theory
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one-speed diffusion theory
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oxidational theory of wear
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oxide-film barrier theory
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oxyacid theory
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oxygen attack theory
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peracid theory of gum formation
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perturbation theory
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plastic collapse theory
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plastic theory
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plasticity theory
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plate theory
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potential field theory
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potential theory
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prediction theory
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probability theory
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quantum field theory
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quantum theory of light
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queueing theory
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queuing theory
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radiometry theory
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Rankine's theory
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ray-path theory
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ray theory
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reflection theory
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refraction theory
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regime theory of rivers
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renewal theory
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scaled-particle theory
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seismic theory
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set theory
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solid-state theory
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solvation theory
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stability theory
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statistical-decision theory
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steady-state creep theory
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superlattice theory
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system theory
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theory of algorithms
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theory of chances
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theory of elasticity
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theory of errors
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theory of failure
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theory of functions
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theory of lateral earth pressure
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theory of limits
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theory of magnetism
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theory of oscillations
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theory of plasticity
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theory of reliability
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theory of scheduling
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theory of screws
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theory of similarity
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theory of specific heats
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theory of stream lines
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theory of strength
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theory of testing
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theory of thermoelastic instability of contact
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theory of vibrations
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thermodiffusion theory
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thermofluctuational strength theory
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tidal-wave theory
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tractive-force theory
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transition state theory
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transport theory
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unified electrical machine theory
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utility theory
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valence bond theory
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valency theory
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variable-radius theory
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wave theory of light
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welding-shearing friction theory
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zone theory of solids -
10 theory
- theory of algorithms
- theory of central manifolds
- theory of diffraction
- theory of errors
- theory of evidence
- theory of magnetism
- theory of oscillations
- theory of relativity
- theory of reliability
- theory of vibrations
- theory of waveguides
- Abbe resolution theory
- Abrikosov-Gor'kov-Khalatnikov theory
- adaptive resonance theory
- AGK-theory
- analog adaptive resonance theory
- automata theory
- automatic control theory
- Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory
- BCS theory
- big bang theory
- binary adaptive resonance theory
- bubble stability theory
- catastrophe theory
- category theory
- Cayley theory
- circuit theory
- classical field theory
- coding theory
- cognitive theory
- cohort theory
- communication theory
- complexity theory
- consensus theory
- decision theory
- descriptive theory
- diffraction theory
- domain theory
- domain-wall motion theory
- domino theory
- elasticity theory
- electromagnetic theory
- energy-band theory
- evolutionary theory
- field theory
- fluid theory
- fuzzy adaptive resonance theory
- fuzzy-set theory
- game theory
- general theory of relativity - graph theory
- group theory
- hydrodynamical theory
- information theory
- Kramers' theory
- large-signal theory
- learning theory
- logic theory
- mapping theory
- Mattis-Bardeen theory
- Maxwell's theory
- MB theory
- meta-theory
- microscopic theory
- microwave theory - neural net theory
- normative theory
- number theory
- one-fluid plasma theory
- organization theory
- Paley-Wiener theory
- perturbation theory
- phenomenological theory - Pippard nonlocal theory
- possibility theory
- potential theory
- prescriptive theory
- probability theory
- quantum theory
- quantum theory of radiation
- quantum field theory
- quantum light theory
- queuing theory
- radio-wave propagation theory
- rational choice theory
- reliability theory
- Ridley-Watkins-Hilsum theory
- RWH theory
- sampling theory
- scheduling theory
- self-consistent field theory
- semiconductor theory
- set theory - situational theory
- small-signal theory
- solid-state theory
- special theory of relativity
- spectral theory
- spectral theory of diffraction
- spin-fluctuation theory
- stability theory
- statistical communication theory
- steady state theory
- stochastic approximation theory
- string theory
- superconductivity theory
- superstring theory
- supersymmetric theory
- switching theory
- system theory
- transmission-line theory
- two-fluid plasma theory
- unified field theory
- uniform theory
- uniform theory of diffraction
- utility theory
- Whitham theory
- Zermelo set theory -
11 Maxwell, James Clerk
[br]b. 13 June 1831 Edinburgh, Scotlandd. 5 November 1879 Cambridge, England[br]Scottish physicist who formulated the unified theory of electromagnetism, the kinetic theory of gases and a theory of colour.[br]Maxwell attended school at the Edinburgh Academy and at the age of 16 went on to study at Edinburgh University. In 1850 he entered Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated four years later as Second Wrangler with the award of the Smith's Prize. Two years later he was appointed Professor at Marischal College, Aberdeen, where he married the Principal's daughter. In 1860 he moved to King's College London, but on the death of his father five years later, Maxwell returned to the family home in Scotland, where he continued his researches as far as the life of a gentleman farmer allowed. This rural existence was interrupted in 1874 when he was persuaded to accept the chair of Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics at Cambridge. Unfortunately, in 1879 he contracted the cancer that brought his brilliant career to an untimely end. While at Cambridge, Maxwell founded the Cavendish Laboratory for research in physics. A succession of distinguished physicists headed the laboratory, making it one of the world's great centres for notable discoveries in physics.During the mid-1850s, Maxwell worked towards a theory to explain electrical and magnetic phenomena in mathematical terms, culminating in 1864 with the formulation of the fundamental equations of electromagnetism (Maxwell's equations). These equations also described the propagation of light, for he had shown that light consists of transverse electromagnetic waves in a hypothetical medium, the "ether". This great synthesis of theories uniting a wide range of phenomena is worthy to set beside those of Sir Isaac Newton and Einstein. Like all such syntheses, it led on to further discoveries. Maxwell himself had suggested that light represented only a small part of the spectrum of electromagnetic waves, and in 1888 Hertz confirmed the discovery of another small part of the spectrum, radio waves, with momentous implications for the development of telecommunication technology. Maxwell contributed to the kinetic theory of gases, which by then were viewed as consisting of a mass of randomly moving molecules colliding with each other and with the walls of the containing vessel. From 1869 Maxwell applied statistical methods to describe the molecular motion in mathematical terms. This led to a greater understanding of the behaviour of gases, with important consequences for the chemical industry.Of more direct technological application was Maxwell's work on colour vision, begun in 1849, showing that all colours could be derived from the three primary colours, red, yellow and blue. This enabled him in 1861 to produce the first colour photograph, of a tartan. Maxwell's discoveries about colour vision were quickly taken up and led to the development of colour printing and photography.[br]BibliographyMost of his technical papers are reprinted in The Scientific Papers of J.Clerk Maxwell, 1890, ed. W.D.Niven, Cambridge, 2 vols; reprinted 1952, New York.Maxwell published several books, including Theory of Heat, 1870, London (1894, 11th edn, with notes by Lord Rayleigh) and Theory of Electricity and Magnetism, 1873, Oxford (1891, ed. J.J.Thomson, 3rd edn).Further ReadingL.Campbell and W.Garnett, 1882, The Life of James Clerk Maxwell, London (the standard biography).J.J.Thomson (ed.), 1931, James Clerk Maxwell 1831–1931, Cambridge. J.G.Crowther, 1932, British Scientists of the Nineteenth Century, London.LRD -
12 электромагнитная теория Максвелла
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > электромагнитная теория Максвелла
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13 Hertz, Heinrich Rudolph
[br]b. 22 February 1857 Hamburg, Germanyd. 1 January 1894 Bonn, Germany[br]German physicist who was reputedly the first person to transmit and receive radio waves.[br]At the age of 17 Hertz entered the Gelehrtenschule of the Johaneums in Hamburg, but he left the following year to obtain practical experience for a year with a firm of engineers in Frankfurt am Main. He then spent six months at the Dresden Technical High School, followed by year of military service in Berlin. At this point he decided to switch from engineering to physics, and after a year in Munich he studied physics under Helmholtz at the University of Berlin, gaining his PhD with high honours in 1880. From 1883 to 1885 he was a privat-dozent at Kiel, during which time he studied the electromagnetic theory of James Clerk Maxwell. In 1885 he succeeded to the Chair in Physics at Karlsruhe Technical High School. There, in 1887, he constructed a rudimentary transmitter consisting of two 30 cm (12 in.) rods with metal balls separated by a 7.5 mm (0.3 in.) gap at the inner ends and metallic plates at the outer ends, the whole assembly being mounted at the focus of a large parabolic metal mirror and the two rods being connected to an induction coil. At the other side of his laboratory he placed a 70 cm (27½ in.) diameter wire loop with a similar air gap at the focus of a second metal mirror. When the induction coil was made to create a spark across the transmitter air gap, he found that a spark also occurred at the "receiver". By a series of experiments he was not only able to show that the invisible waves travelled in straight lines and were reflected by the parabolic mirrors, but also that the vibrations could be refracted like visible light and had a similar wavelength. By this first transmission and reception of radio waves he thus confirmed the theoretical predictions made by Maxwell some twenty years earlier. It was probably in his experiments with this apparatus in 1887 that Hertz also observed that the voltage at which a spark was able to jump a gap was significantly reduced by the presence of ultraviolet light. This so-called photoelectric effect was subsequently placed on a theoretical basis by Albert Einstein in 1905. In 1889 he became Professor of Physics at the University of Bonn, where he continued to investigate the nature of electric discharges in gases at low pressure until his death after a long and painful illness. In recognition of his measurement of radio and other waves, the international unit of frequency of an oscillatory wave, the cycle per second, is now universally known as the Hertz.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRoyal Society Rumford Medal 1890.BibliographyMuch of Hertz's work, including his 1890 paper "On the fundamental equations of electrodynamics for bodies at rest", is recorded in three collections of his papers which are available in English translations by D.E.Jones et al., namely Electric Waves (1893), Miscellaneous Papers (1896) and Principles of Mechanics (1899).Further ReadingJ.G.O'Hara and W.Pricha, 1987, Hertz and the Maxwellians, London: Peter Peregrinus. J.Hertz, 1977, Heinrich Hertz, Memoirs, Letters and Diaries, San Francisco: San Francisco Press.R.Appleyard, 1930, Pioneers of Electrical Communication.See also: Heaviside, OliverKFBiographical history of technology > Hertz, Heinrich Rudolph
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